When Your Deal Involves a Pension

Corporate deals abound perhaps like never before. Mergers, acquisitions, consolidations -- call them what you will. They're still deals and they involve pensions, sometimes frozen, more often than you think. If you are the acquirer in any of these transactions, it would not be at all surprising to find that your team is giving these pensions were getting shorter shrift than they deserve.

Why?

More than most other elements of a corporate transaction, the costs of sponsoring a pension plan (single-employer) or being a participating employer in one (multiemployer) are both volatile and perhaps a bit out of your control. On the surface, that's bad. And, a significant problem is that traditional due diligence does not address this.

What do I mean by that? There are plenty of firms out there that perform due diligence in deals. On the financial side of this, the work is typically done by large accounting firms and their consulting arms or by the larger, traditional, multi-service consulting firms. What I have seen, and I have by no means seen everything, tends to be a fairly standard report with numbers filled in. It often relies a lot on the past and tends to assume that the past will be reflective of the future. For many of those future costs, that's probably not a horrible assumption. For pensions, unfortunately, it often is.

You see, whether you are focused on cash or on financial accounting, the amount of your future costs is dependent on rules. The rules are complex and they do not lend themselves to cost stability. Today, estimating what those costs will be is not easy. Doing so under a variety of economic scenarios is more complex and likely more expensive. Developing strategies to control those future costs adds even more difficulty and even more cost. It also takes a long time. And, of course, you are never able to work with current or perfect data. In the future, it will be much simpler. At least that sounds nice, but our predictions about the future are often wrong.

The future is here. It's here today.

Everything I said above that was difficult and expensive and more difficult and more expensive and takes a long time -- it doesn't have to.

We don't need great data. We don't need to bother your staff. We can move at the speed of deals. And it won't break the bank.

That future you were hoping for -- it's here now.

Focusing on the Pension Part of the Deal

Let's suppose you're on the finance side of a business. That business is buying a company and you learn that the company that you are acquiring has one or more defined benefit (including cash balance) pension plans. What do you do now?

Pension plans and the finances associated with them are among the most confusing and misunderstood elements of a deal like this.The rules are unnecessarily complex and are often misunderstood even by people that you might be inclined to engage as experts. Cash flow requirements do not align well with financial accounting charges and not knowing the right questions to ask could seriously impede your ability to get the answers that you need.

So, how can I help?

Among the really nice things about pension plans is the amount of information that is publicly available on each of them. You see, in its infinite wisdom, Congress and the agencies that Congress has entrusted to regulate pensions have deemed that a myriad of such information has to be disclosed every year for each plan. In unknowing hands, that information is just that -- information. In the right hands, however, it's a veritable goldmine.

As a senior finance person, what do you need to do?

1. Identify all of the plans that you might be (will be) acquiring.
2. Identify what measures are important to you (e.g., cash flow, financial accounting expense, government disclosures, volatility, loan covenants).
3. Identify your constraints (e.g., available cash to use for pensions, funded status triggers to loan covenants).
4. Identify your goals with regard to the plans.

Notice that I didn't mention plan documents, participant census data, plan asset statements, or anything else that you thought you needed to provide. This is where that goldmine comes in.

I call your attention to a recent situation where we had just the information in 1. through 4. above. The goals were fairly simple and included roughly these:

• Help us to understand the amount of cash necessary to pay for the plan(s),
• Tell us what is not being done optimally, and 
• Help us to find ways to optimize these plans on a path to termination.

Our client now has a 10-year forecast of cash flow requirements under multiple scenarios. They understand what has not been done optimally over the last 10 years or so. And, they now have a strategy all set to go so that when they do pull the trigger and finish their deal, they'll be putting their pension dollars to optimal use.

This is a place where off-the-shelf, cookie-cutter solutions don't work. Every plan is different. Every plan has different thresholds. Every company is different. Every company has different resources.

But what makes every company the same is that every company needs a solution that is customized to their situation.